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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for East Cornwall PCN

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all PCNs. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given PCN is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all PCN's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this PCN's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where East Cornwall PCN is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Prilocaine hydrochloride 29 Local anaesthetics 1,377 0.02 0.00 0.00 15.76
Calcitriol 86 Preparations for psoriasis 814 0.11 0.01 0.01 7.08
Levofloxacin 157 Quinolones 406 0.39 0.05 0.06 5.77
Beclometasone dipropionate (Systemic) 50 Corticosteroids 111 0.45 0.03 0.08 5.54
INR blood testing reagents 206 Oral anticoagulants 20,658 0.01 0.00 0.00 5.54
Tolvaptan 8 Posterior pituitary hormones and antagonists 250 0.03 0.00 0.01 5.43
Estradiol and nomegestrol 25 Combined hormonal contraceptives 2,614 0.01 0.00 0.00 4.99
Tolcapone 11 Dopaminergic drugs used in parkinsonism 5,111 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.81
Benzalkonium chloride 262 Barrier preparations 603 0.43 0.05 0.08 4.51
Low protein cooking aids 5 Foods for special diets 503 0.01 0.00 0.00 3.58

Prescribing where East Cornwall PCN is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Desmopressin acetate 242 Posterior pituitary hormones and antagonists 250 0.97 1.00 0.01 -5.43
Ciprofloxacin 215 Quinolones 406 0.53 0.86 0.08 -3.98
Budesonide 16 Corticosteroids 111 0.14 0.72 0.18 -3.28
Dexamethasone 844 Otitis externa 1,340 0.63 0.78 0.07 -2.04
Oral rehydration salts 151 Oral sodium and water 563 0.27 0.65 0.20 -1.94
Ferrous fumarate 1,337 Oral iron 6,513 0.21 0.57 0.20 -1.85
Valproic acid 131 Drugs used for mania and hypomania 2,078 0.06 0.38 0.18 -1.79
Cefalexin 293 Cephalosporins 338 0.87 0.96 0.05 -1.78
Permethrin 31 Parasiticidal preparations 47 0.66 0.84 0.11 -1.62
Betamethasone esters 86 Topical corticosteroids 8,100 0.01 0.03 0.01 -1.61