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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for Frome PCN

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all PCNs. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given PCN is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all PCN's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this PCN's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where Frome PCN is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Ofloxacin 73 Antibacterials 276 0.26 0.01 0.02 11.96
Bezafibrate 459 Lipid-regulating drugs 19,045 0.02 0.00 0.00 7.53
Vancomycin hydrochloride 10 Some other antibacterials 32 0.31 0.03 0.04 6.87
Combined ethinylestradiol 20mcg 354 Combined hormonal contraceptives 1,061 0.33 0.13 0.04 5.38
Aclidinium bromide 133 Antimuscarinic bronchodilators 457 0.29 0.04 0.05 5.31
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride 35 Antihistamines 1,815 0.02 0.00 0.00 4.90
Formoterol/glycopyrronium/budesonide 37 Corticosteroids (respiratory) 6,932 0.01 0.00 0.00 4.77
Dequalinium chloride 2 Vaginal and vulval infections 150 0.01 0.00 0.00 4.60
Dantrolene sodium 50 Skeletal muscle relaxants 347 0.14 0.02 0.03 4.50
Acipimox 7 Lipid-regulating drugs 19,045 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.36

Prescribing where Frome PCN is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Combined ethinylestradiol 30mcg 653 Combined hormonal contraceptives 1,061 0.62 0.81 0.04 -4.74
Nitrofurantoin 758 Urinary-tract infections 1,019 0.74 0.96 0.05 -4.33
Coal tar 14 Shampoos and some other scalp preparations 91 0.15 0.40 0.09 -2.89
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 164 Parenteral progestogen-only contraceptives 291 0.56 0.86 0.10 -2.87
Urea hydrogen peroxide 1 Removal of ear wax and other substances 6 0.17 0.84 0.24 -2.84
Mupirocin 2 Antibacterial preparations only used topically 42 0.05 0.68 0.23 -2.77
Chloramphenicol 174 Antibacterials 276 0.63 0.80 0.06 -2.76
Co-cyprindiol (Cyprote acetate/ethinylestradiol) 2 Oral preparations for acne 3 0.67 0.97 0.12 -2.49
Sertraline hydrochloride 4,159 Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors 12,277 0.34 0.46 0.06 -2.17
Insulin aspart 411 Short-acting insulins 670 0.61 0.79 0.09 -2.09