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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for Primary Care North Croydon PCN

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all PCNs. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given PCN is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all PCN's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this PCN's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where Primary Care North Croydon PCN is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Calcium polystyrene sulfonate 8 Oral potassium 20 0.40 0.01 0.04 9.97
Diethylamine salicylate 474 Rubefacients, topical NSAIDS, capsaicin and poultice 1,795 0.26 0.02 0.04 6.09
Diclofenac sod 1 Mouth-washes, gargles and dentifrices 93 0.01 0.00 0.00 4.94
Wool alcohols 30 Emollients 1,146 0.03 0.00 0.01 4.69
Colistimethate sodium 7 Some other antibacterials 9 0.78 0.15 0.15 4.27
Perindopril arginine with diuretic 79 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 14,085 0.01 0.00 0.00 4.01
Aclidinium bromide/formoterol 76 Compound bronchodilator preparations 128 0.59 0.12 0.12 3.81
Liquid paraffin 33 Emollient bath and shower preparations 187 0.18 0.03 0.04 3.78
Irbesartan with diuretic 139 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists 7,934 0.02 0.00 0.00 3.76
Other topical corticosteroid preparations 4 Topical corticosteroids 4,658 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.64

Prescribing where Primary Care North Croydon PCN is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Potassium chloride 12 Oral potassium 20 0.60 0.97 0.07 -5.10
Colecalciferol 8,215 Vitamin D 8,947 0.92 0.97 0.01 -3.33
Other emollient preparations 875 Emollients 1,146 0.76 0.89 0.04 -2.94
Quetiapine 619 Antipsychotic drugs 4,057 0.15 0.36 0.08 -2.49
Naftidrofuryl oxalate 0 Peripheral vasodilators and related drugs 11 0.00 0.67 0.28 -2.44
    Vitamin E 0 Vitamin E 9 0.00 0.73 0.33 -2.23
      Pizotifen malate 71 Prophylaxis of migraine 206 0.34 0.63 0.13 -2.18
      Tacrolimus 0 Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants 6 0.00 0.61 0.28 -2.16
        Methotrexate 529 Rheumatic disease suppressant drugs 1,491 0.35 0.58 0.11 -2.10
        Nicotine 5 Nicotine dependence 29 0.17 0.68 0.24 -2.08