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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for Gleadless Medical Centre

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all Practices. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given Practice is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all Practice's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this Practice's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where Gleadless Medical Centre is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Calcium polystyrene sulfonate 5 Oral potassium 6 0.83 0.01 0.07 11.51
Olsalazine sodium 30 Aminosalicylates 212 0.14 0.00 0.01 10.07
Benperidol 28 Antipsychotic drugs 1,208 0.02 0.00 0.00 9.97
Tetracycline 31 Tetracyclines 487 0.06 0.01 0.01 5.75
Insulin Lispro 122 Short-acting insulins 201 0.61 0.16 0.10 4.41
Calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate 6 Phosphate binding agents 8 0.75 0.05 0.18 3.94
Zuclopenthixol hydrochloride 75 Antipsychotic drugs 1,208 0.06 0.01 0.01 3.89
Trazodone hydrochloride 716 Tricyclic and related antidepressant drugs 2,611 0.27 0.06 0.06 3.65
Zonisamide 171 Control of epilepsy 5,287 0.03 0.01 0.01 3.27
Piracetam 29 Essential tremor,chorea,tics and related disorders 29 1.00 0.12 0.30 2.90

Prescribing where Gleadless Medical Centre is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Potassium chloride 1 Oral potassium 6 0.17 0.96 0.14 -5.71
Insulin aspart 78 Short-acting insulins 201 0.39 0.79 0.11 -3.56
Amitriptyline hydrochloride 1,752 Tricyclic and related antidepressant drugs 2,611 0.67 0.84 0.08 -2.25
Brinzolamide 8 Treatment of glaucoma 490 0.02 0.09 0.04 -1.98
Sumatriptan succinate 124 Treatment of acute migraine 275 0.45 0.67 0.12 -1.82
Insulin glargine 59 Intermediate and long-acting insulins 572 0.10 0.33 0.13 -1.73
Combined ethinylestradiol 30mcg 133 Combined hormonal contraceptives 193 0.69 0.81 0.07 -1.68
Mirabegron 91 Drugs for urinary frequency enuresis and incontinence 1,169 0.08 0.23 0.09 -1.64
Tacrolimus 0 Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants 8 0.00 0.63 0.40 -1.58
    Mupirocin 1 Antibacterial preparations only used topically 13 0.08 0.64 0.36 -1.58