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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for Park Medical Centre

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all Practices. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given Practice is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all Practice's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this Practice's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where Park Medical Centre is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Methadone hydrochloride 79 Opioid analgesics 1,082 0.07 0.00 0.00 19.06
Calcium carbonate 32 Compound Alginates and proprietary indigestion preparations 191 0.17 0.00 0.01 14.56
Proguanil hydrochloride with atovaquone 2 Antimalarials 56 0.04 0.00 0.00 14.16
Hyoscine 61 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo 290 0.21 0.02 0.02 8.17
Aminophylline hydrate 7 Theophylline 9 0.78 0.09 0.17 4.15
Galantamine 117 Drugs for dementia 497 0.24 0.03 0.06 3.46
Almotriptan 19 Treatment of acute migraine 212 0.09 0.01 0.02 3.42
Levocetirizine 30 Antihistamines 905 0.03 0.00 0.01 3.32
Hydrocortisone sodium phosphate 7 Use of corticosteroids 487 0.01 0.00 0.00 3.27
Travoprost 49 Treatment of glaucoma 356 0.14 0.04 0.03 3.23

Prescribing where Park Medical Centre is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Alginic acid compound preparations 159 Compound Alginates and proprietary indigestion preparations 191 0.83 1.00 0.01 -13.13
Theophylline 2 Theophylline 9 0.22 0.91 0.17 -4.15
Prednisolone 361 Use of corticosteroids 487 0.74 0.89 0.06 -2.51
Mebeverine hydrochloride 26 Antispasmodic and other drugs altering gut motility 171 0.15 0.45 0.12 -2.40
Benzydamine hydrochloride 39 Drugs for oral ulceration and inflammation 71 0.55 0.84 0.16 -1.84
Sodium chloride 0 Topical nasal decongestants 8 0.00 0.54 0.30 -1.79
    Citalopram hydrobromide 536 Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors 3,173 0.17 0.32 0.08 -1.78
    Gabapentin 268 Control of epilepsy 2,871 0.09 0.24 0.08 -1.78
    Sodium cromoglicate 27 Other anti-inflammatory preparations 87 0.31 0.64 0.19 -1.75
    Betahistine hydrochloride 23 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo 290 0.08 0.27 0.11 -1.73