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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for The Exmoor Surgery

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all Practices. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given Practice is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all Practice's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this Practice's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where The Exmoor Surgery is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Typhoid 1 Vaccines and antisera 1 1.00 0.02 0.07 13.42
Clomethiazole 37 Hypnotics 642 0.06 0.00 0.01 9.79
Phosphates (Rectal) 34 Osmotic laxatives 426 0.08 0.01 0.01 8.10
Tropicamide 1 Mydriatics and cycloplegics 1 1.00 0.02 0.12 7.85
Nabumetone 18 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 557 0.03 0.00 0.00 6.18
Selegiline hydrochloride 36 Dopaminergic drugs used in parkinsonism 422 0.09 0.00 0.01 5.79
Dienogest 3 Progestogens and progesterone receptor modulators 56 0.05 0.00 0.01 4.84
Propamidine isetionate 1 Antibacterials 54 0.02 0.00 0.00 4.82
Nizatidine 55 H2-Receptor antagonists 71 0.77 0.10 0.16 4.32
Bilastine 3 Antihistamines 955 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.91

Prescribing where The Exmoor Surgery is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Theophylline 11 Theophylline 32 0.34 0.91 0.17 -3.42
Influenza 0 Vaccines and antisera 1 0.00 0.88 0.28 -3.13
    Hydroxycarbamide 5 Other antineoplastic drugs 6 0.83 1.00 0.05 -3.09
    Famotidine 14 H2-Receptor antagonists 71 0.20 0.81 0.21 -2.92
    Nitrofurantoin 141 Urinary-tract infections 173 0.82 0.96 0.06 -2.52
    Neomycin sulfate 8 Nasal preparations for infection 16 0.50 0.84 0.14 -2.46
    Vitamin A 0 Vitamin A 2 0.00 0.82 0.36 -2.28
      Carbimazole 96 Antithyroid drugs 137 0.70 0.93 0.10 -2.24
      Prucalopride 0 Other drugs used in constipation 4 0.00 0.71 0.32 -2.19
        Nicorandil 9 Other antianginal drugs 117 0.08 0.50 0.20 -2.07