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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for Oundle

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all Practices. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given Practice is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all Practice's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this Practice's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where Oundle is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Low protein desserts 36 Foods for special diets 173 0.21 0.00 0.01 38.33
Cefixime 8 Cephalosporins 81 0.10 0.00 0.01 10.21
Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride 8 Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs 993 0.01 0.00 0.00 9.17
Hydrocortisone butyrate 51 Topical corticosteroids 1,036 0.05 0.00 0.01 9.04
Hydromorphone hydrochloride 21 Opioid analgesics 2,047 0.01 0.00 0.00 8.45
Urine testing reagents 84 Diabetic diagnostic and monitoring agents 747 0.11 0.01 0.02 6.28
Fluorescein sodium 2 Ocular diagnostic & peri-operative prepn & photodynamic tt 10 0.20 0.00 0.04 5.38
Lanthanum carbonate 8 Phosphate binding agents 8 1.00 0.07 0.19 4.82
Co-proxamol (Dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride/paracetamol) 15 Non-opioid analgesics and compound preparations 3,491 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.14
Piroxicam 155 Rubefacients, topical NSAIDS, capsaicin and poultice 385 0.40 0.05 0.09 3.96

Prescribing where Oundle is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Glucose blood testing reagents 604 Diabetic diagnostic and monitoring agents 747 0.81 0.94 0.03 -3.95
Procyclidine hydrochloride 15 Antimuscarinic drugs used in parkinsonism 36 0.42 0.85 0.21 -2.08
Methylprednisolone acetate 1 Local corticosteroid injections 41 0.02 0.74 0.39 -1.83
Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol 0 Compound bronchodilator preparations 152 0.00 0.50 0.30 -1.68
    Diazepam 360 Anxiolytics 657 0.55 0.75 0.13 -1.55
    Benzydamine hydrochloride 17 Drugs for oral ulceration and inflammation 28 0.61 0.84 0.16 -1.48
    Betahistine hydrochloride 44 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo 412 0.11 0.27 0.11 -1.47
    Apixaban 591 Oral anticoagulants 2,928 0.20 0.41 0.14 -1.46
    Diclofenac diethyl 21 Rubefacients, topical NSAIDS, capsaicin and poultice 385 0.05 0.29 0.18 -1.36
    Chlorphenamine maleate 19 Antihistamines 1,310 0.01 0.06 0.04 -1.36