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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for Horfield Hc

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all Practices. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given Practice is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all Practice's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this Practice's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where Horfield Hc is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Bambuterol hydrochloride 32 Selective beta(2)-agonists 3,557 0.01 0.00 0.00 14.13
Ibuprofen lysine 12 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 1,976 0.01 0.00 0.00 5.35
Diclofenac sodium 4 Ocular diagnostic & peri-operative prepn & photodynamic tt 6 0.67 0.03 0.12 5.14
Azilsartan medoxomil 4 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists 2,659 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.24
Saxagliptin/dapagliflozin 35 Other antidiabetic drugs 3,087 0.01 0.00 0.00 3.65
Podophyllotoxin 5 Preparations for warts and calluses 10 0.50 0.05 0.12 3.59
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide 2 Cough suppressants 8 0.25 0.01 0.07 3.55
Isophane insulin 428 Intermediate and long-acting insulins 938 0.46 0.12 0.10 3.28
Umeclidinium bromide 198 Antimuscarinic bronchodilators 397 0.50 0.12 0.13 2.97
Liquid paraffin 12 Tear deficiency, eye lubricant/astringent 270 0.04 0.01 0.01 2.87

Prescribing where Horfield Hc is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Glycopyrronium bromide 0 Antimuscarinic drugs 2 0.00 0.82 0.35 -2.34
    Betahistine hydrochloride 62 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo 886 0.07 0.27 0.11 -1.82
    Co-amilofruse (Amiloride hydrochloride/frusemide) 5 Potassium sparing diuretics and compounds 45 0.11 0.69 0.33 -1.76
    Tiotropium bromide 159 Antimuscarinic bronchodilators 397 0.40 0.71 0.18 -1.72
    Mesalazine (Systemic) 173 Aminosalicylates 424 0.41 0.65 0.15 -1.65
    Timolol and bimatoprost 15 Treatment of glaucoma 943 0.02 0.10 0.05 -1.63
    Ciprofloxacin 46 Quinolones 72 0.64 0.86 0.14 -1.61
    Beclometasone dipropionate 1,225 Corticosteroids (respiratory) 3,060 0.40 0.58 0.12 -1.54
    Lithium carbonate 52 Drugs used for mania and hypomania 263 0.20 0.61 0.28 -1.48
    Timolol 10 Treatment of glaucoma 943 0.01 0.06 0.03 -1.47