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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for Cadbury Heath Healthcare

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all Practices. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given Practice is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all Practice's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this Practice's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where Cadbury Heath Healthcare is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Ephedrine hydrochloride 2 Systemic nasal decongestants 3 0.67 0.03 0.16 4.03
Isophane insulin 237 Intermediate and long-acting insulins 484 0.49 0.12 0.10 3.61
Telmisartan with diuretic 27 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists 1,802 0.01 0.00 0.00 3.45
Heparin sodium 1 Parenteral anticoagulants 37 0.03 0.00 0.01 3.44
Dantrolene sodium 34 Skeletal muscle relaxants 180 0.19 0.02 0.05 3.26
Exemestane 61 Breast cancer 241 0.25 0.06 0.07 2.82
Sulpiride 55 Antipsychotic drugs 1,127 0.05 0.01 0.01 2.75
Triptorelin 26 Prostate cancer and gonadorelin analogues 52 0.50 0.09 0.16 2.66
Erythromycin stearate 4 Macrolides 186 0.02 0.00 0.01 2.65
Ciprofloxacin 20 Antibacterials 94 0.21 0.05 0.06 2.64

Prescribing where Cadbury Heath Healthcare is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 1 Systemic nasal decongestants 3 0.33 0.97 0.16 -4.03
Alfentanil hydrochloride 0 Opioid analgesics 3 0.00 0.82 0.38 -2.18
    Ispaghula husk 72 Bulk-forming laxatives 87 0.83 0.96 0.07 -1.87
    Hydroxychloroquine sulfate 76 Rheumatic disease suppressant drugs 675 0.11 0.37 0.16 -1.65
    Timolol and bimatoprost 18 Treatment of glaucoma 858 0.02 0.10 0.05 -1.54
    Potassium chloride 3 Oral potassium 4 0.75 0.96 0.14 -1.53
    Hydrocortisone acetate 3 Topical corticosteroids 1,148 0.00 0.04 0.03 -1.53
    Lansoprazole 1,291 Proton pump inhibitors 6,460 0.20 0.44 0.16 -1.53
    Emollient bath and shower preparations 8 Emollient bath and shower preparations 25 0.32 0.63 0.21 -1.46
    Ulipristal acetate (Emergency Contraceptive) 0 Emergency contraception 6 0.00 0.39 0.31 -1.26