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Prototype Prescribing Outlier Dashboard for Northpoint

At OpenPrescribing we are piloting a number of data-driven approaches to identify unusual prescribing and collect feedback on this prescribing to inform development of new tools to support prescribers and organisations to audit and review prescribing. These pilot results are provided for the interest of advanced users, although we don't know how relevant they are in practice. There is substantial variation in prescribing behaviours, across various different areas of medicine. Some variation can be explained by demographic changes, or local policies or guidelines, but much of the remaining variation is less easy to explain.

The DataLab is keen to hear your feedback on the results. You can do this by completing the following survey or emailing us at [email protected]. Please DO NOT INCLUDE IDENTIFIABLE PATIENT information in your feedback. All feedback is helpful, you can send short or detailed feedback.

This report has been developed to automatically identify prescribing patterns at a chemical level which are furthest away from “typical prescribing” and can be classified as an “outlier”. We calculate the number of prescriptions for each chemical in the BNF coding system, the count of all prescriptions within that chemical's BNF subparagraph, for prescriptions dispensed between June 2021 and December 2021. We then calculate the ratio of these counts along with the mean and standard deviation of those ratios across all Practices. From this we can calculate the “z-score”, which is a measure of how many standard deviations a given Practice is from the population mean. We then rank your “z-scores” to find the top 10 results where prescribing is an outlier for prescribing higher than its peers and those where it is an outlier for prescribing lower than its peers.

For each outlier chemical, a kernel density estimation plot of all Practice's chemical:subparagraph ratios is provided, with this Practice's ratio overlaid in red.

It is important to remember that this information was generated automatically and it is therefore likely that some of the behaviour is warranted. This report seeks only to collect information about where this variation may be warranted and where it might not, to inform research on this topic. Our full analytical method code is openly available on GitHub here.

This is a new, experimental feature. We'd love to .

Prescribing where Northpoint is higher than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Sucroferric oxyhydroxide 1 Phosphate binding agents 1 1.00 0.00 0.05 21.73
Mepyramine maleate 1 Topical local anaesthetics and antipruritics 4 0.25 0.00 0.03 9.08
Triptorelin acetate 9 Prostate cancer and gonadorelin analogues 20 0.45 0.02 0.06 7.25
Ketoprofen 17 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 753 0.02 0.00 0.00 6.72
Testosterone esters 20 Male sex hormones and antagonists 128 0.16 0.01 0.02 6.16
Erythromycin 48 Topical preparations for acne 85 0.56 0.12 0.09 4.71
Acetazolamide 32 Treatment of glaucoma 322 0.10 0.01 0.02 4.66
Ranitidine hydrochloride 26 H2-Receptor antagonists 69 0.38 0.02 0.08 4.47
Etoricoxib 170 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 753 0.23 0.04 0.04 4.28
Ertugliflozin 13 Other antidiabetic drugs 881 0.01 0.00 0.00 4.05

Prescribing where Northpoint is lower than most

BNF Chemical Chemical Items BNF Subparagraph Subparagraph Items Ratio Mean std Z_Score Plots
Famotidine 20 H2-Receptor antagonists 69 0.29 0.81 0.21 -2.48
Folic acid 275 Drugs used in megaloblastic anaemias 902 0.30 0.69 0.16 -2.47
Finasteride 74 Male sex hormones and antagonists 128 0.58 0.82 0.11 -2.12
Tamoxifen citrate 0 Breast cancer 36 0.00 0.27 0.14 -1.99
    Nicotine 0 Nicotine dependence 4 0.00 0.65 0.33 -1.95
      Estradiol 5 Preparations for vaginal/vulval changes 34 0.15 0.55 0.20 -1.94
      Timolol and bimatoprost 0 Treatment of glaucoma 322 0.00 0.10 0.05 -1.93
        Salbutamol 1,239 Selective beta(2)-agonists 1,507 0.82 0.91 0.04 -1.89
        Amiodarone hydrochloride 0 Drugs for arrhythmias 5 0.00 0.48 0.25 -1.89
          Methylprednisolone acetate 0 Local corticosteroid injections 33 0.00 0.74 0.39 -1.89